Robert A. Schultz

Risk and reliability are two main factors that must be studied in order to measure the successful rate of a project. As a result, innovative project delivery methods have been...

Although human beings are technically part of the ecosystem, there still remains a conceptual conflict between technology and nature. These concerns highlight the idea of human...

As technologies advance and become social norms worldwide, certain ethical considerations must be examined and reflected upon due to their various cultural implications....

Problems of IT-enabled globalization are a new kind of ethical problem and require new ethical principles for their solution. I will first discuss two examples to demonstrate...

As I noted in the previous chapter, the world is currently not organized into a single economy sharing benefits and burdens. But at the same time, institutions have developed...

In this chapter we will consider this question: To what extent is IT responsible for globalization? But before we can address this question, we need more clarity on what...

My aim in Section 1 was to locate and describe areas of ethical concern in IT-enabled globalization. Yet in doing so, I was not ethically neutral in my judgements. The reader...

In this chapter I will deal primarily with principles of justice for a particular society, a society whose members share benefits and burdens and regard themselves as cooperating...

In this chapter, I examine two theories of transnational ethics: Political Realism and the Society of Societies. The first theory, Political Realism, denies the meaningfulness of...

Cosmopolitanism is the view that the relevant ethical community is all of humanity. In this chapter, I will examine three somewhat different cosmopolitan theories: The pluralist...

The purpose of this chapter is to determine where ethically globalized institutions need ethical principles and what kind of ethical principles are needed. Two preliminary...

In this chapter I will first discuss the individual ethical principles an IT professional is likely to encounter. Then I will consider the impact of the ethics of globalized...

We saw in Section 2, Theories of Globalized Ethics, that there is a need for institutions with transnational ethical authority. Such authority would be needed for: Preventing...

In this chapter, I will examine the extent to which current institutions might be able to implement the principles of global justice. I will begin with a few remarks about a...

How do we decide which new global institutions should be created to implement the Global Economy Principles of Justice? It would be tempting to create authorities whenever wrongs...

In this chapter, I will examine the ethical consequences for IT of the International Social Contract and the Global Economy Social Contract. I began considering ethical responses...

Problems of environmental ethics transcend global justice. We can behave ethically and justly toward each other across the globe, but at the same time let the environment...

This chapter, like the previous one, also deals with issues that go beyond ethics as principles for social cooperation. We just saw that the environment raises issues that go...

My original project was to determine ethical principles for ethically globalized institutions. I also wanted to determine the role of IT in the ethics of globalization. Economic...

Most discussions of ethics and information technology focus on issues of professional ethics and issues of privacy and security.1 Certainly these are important issues, But so are...

Information technology has produced new ethical challenges and concerns in dealing with issues about privacy, security, piracy and professional ethics. Contemporary Issues in...

Most discussions of ethics and information technology focus on issues of professional ethics and issues of privacy and security.1 Certainly these are important issues, But so are...

In this book, “ethics” is a general term for concerns about what people should do. The term “ethics” comes from the Greek word ethike, which means “character.” Indeed, the...

A few other background issues deserve clarification before I examine specific ethical problems of information technology. IT always appears in the context of an organization, and...

It is perhaps easiest to begin the application of ethics to information technology with the ethical responsibilities of IT professionals. Several ethical codes have been...

As we saw from the last two chapters, the ethical IT professional is embedded in contexts of management, organization, and society. Ethical behavior for the IT professional is...

In a competitive market economy, one is required to serve the interests of one’s employer or corporation. As we saw in Chapter IV, Professional Duties, one can do this in several...

Removal of jobs from one country to another to exploit lower paid workers tends to raise objections from those whose jobs are removed. However, historically, such jobs have...

Privacy and security are the first topics involving the interface of the individual with information technology. The two topics of privacy and security are connected, because...

As I noted in Chapter II, information technology’s basic feature of easy reproduction of digital information gives rise both to new benefits and to new ethical problems. Easy...

In Chapter I, I observed that new uses of IT will be built on four basic features of information technology: • Speed of information processing • Unlimited size of information...

Besides being of interest in its own right, the question of the value of information technology (IT) has ethical implications, primarily for policymakers and managers in...

In the previous chapter, we saw how difficult it was to determine the value of information technology, even with a clearly defined point of view from which to assess that value...

In order to conclude our discussion of the value of information technology, we need to answer these questions: What characteristics does IT share with modern technology...

Writing this book was very much a learning process for me. I began with the idea that the theories of John Rawls might be able to illuminate ethical problems involving...

The invention and rise of the relational database starting in the 1960s was accompanied by the remarkable development of canonical design techniques, making it possible to avoid...

In explaining functional dependency to students, I have noticed in texts a mixture of two types of elements: intensional (or psychological or meaning) and extensional (patterns...