Izabel E.T. de V. Souza (formerly Arocha), M.Ed., CMI-S, Ph.D. is a renown leader in the Translation and Interpreting (T&I) field, working primarily as a researcher, speaker, and academic writer. She was a T&I instructor at Boston University, Cambridge University, Osaka University, Bridging the Gap, and i2B, publishing broadly on specific aspects of healthcare interpreting. As former president and executive director of the International Medical Interpreters Association (IMIA) she was responsible for launching the first national medical interpreter certification testing in the US in 2009. Dr. Souza served as Secretary General for the International Federation of Translators (FIT). She is an ASTM and ISO Expert delegate, heading the ISO 21998 Healthcare Interpreting - Requirements. Dr. Souza serves as chair of the Healthcare Committee of the National Coalition for Language Access, the advisory board of Miami Dade College T&I program, and the editorial board of BABEL. She authored the book Intercultural Mediation in Healthcare, and is writing Intercultural Communication for Healthcare Providers, based on her work as Cultural & Linguistics Educator at Cambridge Health Alliance. www.drsouza.org.
Effrossyni (Effie) Fragkou is an Associate Lecturer with the Faculty of the English Language and Literature of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She holds a BA in French Language and Literature (NKUA), a Master’s Degree in professional translation (Université Marc Bloch de Strasbourg), a Master’s degree in translation theory at York University, (Canada), and a Doctorate degree in translation studies (University of Ottawa). She is a trained community interpreter and a teacher and course developer of the online healthcare interpreting (EN <> FR) course in the Master’s in Conference Interpreting Program of York University, Glendon College (Canada) and the Master in Translation and Interpreting of the Faculty of English Language and Literature at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She is the co-editor of the forthcoming Handbook of Research on Medical Interpreting and appointed National Expert for Greece at the ISO/TC 37/SC 5 for developing and implementing standards in medical interpreting. She participates actively in conferences, in Greece and abroad, and publishes her research on translation, retranslation, and medical interpreting.